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| About love |
By:
Evangeline Selden |
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Love, Love Me Do
Scanning the brains of people in love is also helping to improve science understanding of the various forms of love. Helen Fisher, a researcher at Rutgers University and author of a new book on love *, suggests it comes in three flavors: lust, romantic love and long-term attachment. There is some overlap, but in essence it's distinct phenomena, with their own emotional and motivational systems, and accompanying chemicals. These systems have evolved to enable, respectively, mating, mating and parenting.
Lust, of course, involves a craving for sex. Jim Pfaus, a psychologist at Concordia University in Montreal, says the consequences of lustful sex is equivalent to the state induced by taking opiates. A mix of chemical changes occurs, including increases in the levels of serotonin, oxytocin, vasopressin and endogenous opioids (the body's natural equivalent of heroin). "This may serve many functions, to relax the body, induce pleasure and satiety, and perhaps linked to obtain the same characteristics that we just experienced all this with," says Dr Pfaus.
Then there is attraction, or the state of being in love (which is sometimes known as romantic or obsessive). This is a refinement of mere hope that allows people in the house of a friend in particular. This condition is characterized by feelings of exhilaration, and intrusive thoughts, obsessive object of his affection. Some researchers suggest this mental state might share neurochemical characteristics of the manic phase of manic depression. The work of Dr. Fisher, however, suggests that the real reasons for the behavior of people in love-such as attempting to evoke reciprocal responses in the beloved seems obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
This raises the question of whether it is possible to "treat" this romantic state clinically, as can be done with this disorder. The parents of any teenager would love to love you know the answer to that. Mr. Fisher suggested that in fact it may be possible to inhibit feelings of romantic love, but only in its infancy. OCD is characterized by low levels of a chemical called serotonin. Drugs such as Prozac work by keeping serotonin hanging around in the brain more than normal, so you can push the romantic feelings. (This also means that people who take antidepressants may be at risk their ability to love.) But romantic love begins in earnest once, is one of the best records on earth. Dr Fisher says it seems to be more powerful than hunger. A little serotonin is unlikely to drown.
But it is beautiful, romantic love is unstable and not a good basis for raising a child. However, the final stage of love, long-term attachment, allows parents to work together to raise their children. This state, says Dr Fisher, is characterized by feelings of calm, security, social comfort and emotional union.
Because they are independent, these three systems can work simultaneously with dangerous results. As Dr Fisher explains, "You can feel deep attachment for a long-term partner while you feel romantic love for someone else while you feel the sex drive in situations unrelated to a partner." This independence means it is possible to love more than one person at a time, a situation that leads to jealousy, adultery and divorce itself the possibilities of promiscuity and polygamy, with the probability more children, and thus greater participation in the genetic future, that these behaviors contribute. As Dr Fisher observes, "We have not built to be happy but to reproduce."
The stages of love vary somewhat between the sexes. Lust, for example, has generated more easily in men by visual stimuli than is the case for women. This is probably why visual pornography is more popular with men. And while men and women express romantic love with the same intensity and are attracted to partners who are reliable, friendly, healthy, intelligent and educated, there are some notable differences in their choices. Men are more attracted to youth and beauty, while women are more attracted to money, education and position. When an old, ugly man is seen walking down the road arm in arm with a young and beautiful woman, most people believe that man is rich or powerful.
Nonsense
Of course, love is more than just genes. Cultural factors and social learning are important. Who and how a person has loved in the past are important determinants (or her) capacity to fall in love, at any time in the future. This is because animals-including people learn from their sexual and social experiences. The excitement is natural. But in the long term success of mating requires a change from being naive about this state of the specific factors ranging from arousal to the rewards of sex, love and attachment. For some men, this may involve flowers, chocolate and sweet words. But these things are learned.
If humans become conditioned by their experiences, this may be why some people tend to date the same "type" of partner over and over. Researchers think humans develop a "love map" as they grow, a plan that contains many things they learned is attractive. This dashboard inside is something that people use to assess the suitability of mates. But the idea that humans are actually born with some type of "soul mate" wired into their desires is wrong. Research on the choice of partner that identical twins show that the development of love maps takes time, and has a strong random component.
Work on rats is leading researchers such as Dr Pfaus to wonder whether the template of features found attractive by an individual is formed during a critical period of sexual development. He says that even in animals that are not supposed to pair-bond, such as rats, these features can be fixed with the experience of sexual reward. Rats can be conditioned to prefer certain types of partners, for example by pairing sexual reward with some kind of signal, such as lemon-scented members of the opposite sex. This could help the understanding of unusual sexual preferences. Human fetishes, for example, early development, and are almost impossible to change. The fetishist connects objects such as feet, shoes, stuffed toys and even balloons, that have a visual association with childhood sexual experiences to sexual gratification.
So love, in all its glory, just, it seems, a chemical state of genetic roots and environmental influences. But all this work leads to other questions. If scientists can make a more sociable mouse, it may be possible to create a more sociable human? And what about a more loving? Some people even think that "Paradise-engineering", dedicated to abolishing the "biological substrates of human suffering", is rather a good idea.
As time passes
Progress in predicting the outcome of relationships, and information about the genetic roots of fidelity, might also make proposing marriage more like a job application, with associated medical, genetic and psychological checks. If true, would insurers cover you for divorce? And as brain scanners become cheaper and more widely available, they can go from being research tools to something that anyone could use to discover how much they were loved. Will the future bring answers to questions like: Does your partner really loves you? Is this your husband covets the au pair?
And then there's medicine. Despite Dr Fisher's reservations, they can also help people fall in love, or perhaps fix broken relationships? Probably not. Dr Pfaus says that drugs may enhance portions of the "experience of love", but short of doing all the work because of their specificity. And if a couple fall out of love, drugs are unlikely using either. Mr. Fisher believes that the brain could overlook distaste for someone, even if a couple in trouble could inject themselves with huge amounts of dopamine.
But she believes that administration of serotonin can help someone recover from a bad love affair faster. It also suggests that it is possible to trick the brain into feeling romantic love in a long term relationship, making new things with your partner. Any arousing activity raises the level of dopamine and can therefore trigger feelings of romance as a side effect. This is why holidays can revive passion. Romantics, of course, have always known that love is a special kind of chemistry. Researchers are now beginning to show how this is true.
This article is free for republishing Source: kcq.com
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